Metallographic Application Procedures

Metallographic Procedures CLASS-11 Materials Preparation CLASS-10 Materials Preparation CLASS-9 Materials Preparation CLASS-8 Materials Preparation CLASS-7 Materials Preparation CLASS-6 Materials Preparation CLASS-5 Materials Preparation CLASS-4 Materials Preparation CLASS-3 Materials Preparation CLASS-2 Materials Preparation CLASS-1 Materials Preparation

Metallographic CLASS Overview

Metallographic materials are classified into different categories based on their physical and chemical properties. Each class requires specific preparation procedures to ensure accurate and reliable analysis.

Why Proper Preparation is Crucial

  • Identifying material characteristics such as grain size and phase distribution.
  • Detecting potential defects and inconsistencies.
  • Ensuring high-quality images and data for analysis.

Applications of Metallographic Analysis

  • Quality control in manufacturing processes.
  • Research and development in materials science.
  • Failure analysis in engineering applications.


Metallographic CLASS Procedures

View Class 1 Procedures
Metallographic CLASS 1 procedures
View Class 2 Procedures
Metallographic CLASS 2 procedures
View Class 3 Procedures
Metallographic CLASS 3 procedures
View Class 4 Procedures
Metallographic CLASS 4 procedures
View Class 5 Procedures
Metallographic CLASS 5 procedures
View Class 6 Procedures
Metallographic CLASS 6 procedures
View Class 7 Procedures
Metallographic CLASS 7 procedures
View Class 8 Procedures
Metallographic CLASS 8 procedures
View Class 9 Procedures
Metallographic CLASS 9 procedures
View Class 10 Procedures
Metallographic CLASS 10 procedures
View Class 11 Procedures
Metallographic CLASS 11 procedures


Class Overview Table

CLASS-1
(Soft, Ductile Materials)
  • Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys (2xxx, 6xxx, 7xxx Series)
  • Copper Alloys (Brass, Bronze, Beryllium Copper)
  • Lead, Tin, Zinc (HV < 50, highly deformable)
  • Polymer Matrix Composites (Carbon/Glass Fiber Reinforced)
CLASS-2
(Very Soft, Low Ductility Materials)
  • Precious Metals (Gold, Silver, Platinum)
  • Refractory Metals (Tungsten, Rhenium, Niobium, Molybdenum)
  • Rare Earths (Lanthanum, Neodymium, Cerium)
CLASS-3
(Lower Ductility Metals)
  • Powder Metallurgy Materials (Fe-Cu, Stainless PM, Tool Steel PM)
  • Cast Irons (Gray, Ductile, White)
  • Sintered Alloys and Porous Metals
CLASS-4
(Soft Brittle Non-metals)
  • Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors (BaTiO₃-based)
  • MEMS and Semiconductor Materials (Si, GaAs)
  • Functional Ceramics (PZTs, Ferrites)
CLASS-5
(Medium Hard/Ductile Metals)
  • Low and Medium Carbon Steels (1045, 4140)
  • Stainless Steels (304, 316L, 410)
  • Annealed and Structural Steels
CLASS-6
(Tough, Hard Non-ferrous Metals)
  • Titanium and Titanium Alloys (Ti-6Al-4V, CP Ti)
  • Nickel and Cobalt Superalloys (Inconel, Hastelloy, Stellite)
  • Ni-Cr and High-Temperature Alloys
CLASS-7
(Thermal Spray Coatings)
  • WC-Co and Chromium Carbide Coatings
  • Alumina and YSZ Ceramic Coatings
  • NiCr, NiAl, and Fe-based Alloy Coatings
  • Intermetallic and Oxide Spray Layers
CLASS-8
(Hardened Steels)
  • Tool Steels (D2, M2, O1)
  • Case Hardened Steels (Carburized, Nitrided)
  • Through-Hardened Steels (1080, 52100, 4340)
CLASS-9
(Metal Matrix Composites)
  • Al-SiC, Mg-Al₂O₃, Ti-B₄C Composites
  • Fiber-Reinforced MMCs (SiC Fiber, Boron Fiber)
  • High-Temperature MMCs (Ni-SiC, Mo-Si₃N₄)
CLASS-10
(Engineered Ceramics)
  • Oxide Ceramics (Alumina, Zirconia, Mullite)
  • Non-Oxide Ceramics (SiC, Si₃N₄, B₄C)
  • Advanced Materials (ALON, SiSiC, CMCs)
CLASS-11
(Very Hard Brittle Materials)
  • Cermets (Tungsten Carbide, TiC-Ni)
  • Technical Glasses (Borosilicate, Fused Silica)
  • Minerals (Quartz, Garnet, Spinel)