CLASS 7 Material Preparation Guide

Class 7: Thermal Spray Coatings

Class 7 includes thermal spray coatings such as metal, ceramic, and intermetallic layers applied through combustion or electric-arc methods. These coatings are used for wear resistance, corrosion protection, and thermal barriers across aerospace, automotive, and industrial applications. Metallographic evaluation targets porosity, bonding, and phase integrity across both coating and substrate.

Hardness Range
Varies widely (100–1200 HV)
Typical Materials
WC-Co, Alumina, Ni-based Alloys, Intermetallics
Preparation Challenge
Interface Clarity & Phase Sensitivity

Material Categories

Powder Spray Coatings

Common Types
  • WC-Co (Tungsten Carbide-Cobalt)
  • Alumina (Al₂O₃)
  • Chromium Carbides
Key Features
  • Fine particle bonding
  • Variable porosity and oxide content
  • Hard phases prone to pull-out

Intermetallic Coatings

Examples
  • NiAl
  • NiCrAlY
  • FeCrAl
Key Features
  • Improved high-temp oxidation resistance
  • Complex layered structures
  • Interfaces with mixed ductility

Ceramic Coatings

Common Materials
  • Alumina
  • Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ)
  • Chromia (Cr₂O₃)
Considerations
  • Brittle and porous
  • Low thermal conductivity coatings
  • Prone to cracking during prep

Preparation Guide

Key Preparation Challenges

Coating Delamination

Weak bonding or excessive force may cause coating to detach from the substrate during grinding or polishing.

Phase Retention

High-velocity impact and sintering effects create delicate microstructures that must be preserved during prep.

Chemical Sensitivity

Coatings like WC-Co react poorly with water—alternative lubricants or dry methods are needed.

Pore Smearing

Pores may become clogged with abrasive or smeared metal, hiding true structure unless cleaned between steps.

Recommended Preparation Steps

Sectioning

Use low-speed diamond saws with adequate cooling. Clamp coated surfaces carefully to avoid flaking at edges.

Mounting

Vacuum impregnation is recommended to support pores and avoid coating separation during prep.

Grinding

Use alumina abrasives and moderate pressure. Avoid water if cobalt or reactive metals are present.

Polishing

Use 0.25 µm diamond slurry on low-nap cloths. Final polish with colloidal silica to minimize relief and clean pores.

Quality Verification

Bond interface remains intact and visible

Pores appear open and clean, without smearing

No cobalt oxidation or color change from water exposure

Fine structures and phase boundaries are preserved