Etchant | Conc. | Conditions | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Distilled water
Ammonium hydroxide Hydrogen peroxide (3%) |
25 ml
25 ml 5-25 ml |
Seconds to minutes (use only fresh) |
-Grain boundaries use less H2O2 -Grain contrast use more H2O2 |
Distilled water
Nitric acid |
50 ml
50 ml |
Seconds to minutes | Copper and copper alloys |
Distilled water or Ethanol
Hydrochloric acid Ferric chloride |
100-120 ml
25-50 ml 5-10 gm |
Seconds to minutes | Produce grain contrast |
Tough Pitch copper, etched, Mag. 100X |